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Journal of Cancer Prevention

Original Article

Journal of Cancer Prevention 2018; 23(1): 10-17

Published online March 30, 2018

https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2018.23.1.10

© Korean Society of Cancer Prevention

Esculetin Inhibits the Survival of Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Arresting the Cell Cycle

Kader Turkekul, R. Dilsu Colpan, Talha Baykul, Mehmet D. Ozdemir, and Suat Erdogan

Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Turkey

Correspondence to :
Suat Erdogan, Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus 22030 Edirne, Turkey, Tel: +90-284-2360909/1440, Fax: +90-284-2357652, E-mail: suaterdogan@trakya.edu.tr, ORCID: Suat Erdogan, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-6293

Received: February 9, 2018; Revised: February 22, 2018; Accepted: February 28, 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most important causes of death in men and thus new therapeutic approaches are needed. In this study, antiproliferative and anti-migration properties of a coumarin derivative esculetin were evaluated.

Methods

Human PCa cell lines PC3, DU145, and LNCaP were treated with various concentrations of esculetin for 24 to 72 hours, and cell viability was determined by the MTT test. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by using cell-based cytometer. Gene expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR, cell migration was determined by the wound healing assay. The protein expression was measured by Western blotting.

Results

Esculetin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell migration was inhibited by esculetin treatment. Administration of esculetin significantly reduced the cells survival, induced apoptosis and caused the G1 phase cell cycle arrest shown by image-based cytometer. The induced expression of cytochrome c, p53, p21 and p27, and down-regulated CDK2 and CDK4 may be the underlying molecular mechanisms of esculetin effect. Esculetin suppressed phosphorylation of Akt and enhanced protein expression of tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that the coumarin derivative esculetin could be used in the management of PCa. However, further in vivo research is needed.

Keywords: Esculetin, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Prostate cancer, Cancer prevention

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