JCP

eISSN 2288-3657
pISSN 2288-3649

Table 3

Chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic effects of BITC and underlying mechanisms of action

Type of cancer explored with phytochemical BITC	Mechanism of action	Results	References
Breast cancer	Activates the p53-LKB1 and p73-LKB1 axis to intensify p53 signaling and PI3K/AKT/FOXO pathways. Downregulates MMP-2/9 through the signaling pathways PKC and MAPK. Induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest.	Sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy. Demonstrates anticancer effects by activating p53 signaling in breast cancer cells. A study reports that BITC oppresses the mammosphere-constituting efficacy of breast cancer cells.	[7,37]
Prostate cancer	Induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells.	Promotes apoptosis through the inhibition of several key signaling pathways.	[7,17]
Colon cancer	Decreases cholesterol levels which inadvertently inhibits the Akt signaling pathway. Inhibits NF-κB DNA binding activity through suppression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA). Reduced phosphorylation of JNK1/2, ERK1/2.	Inhibits human colon cancer cell migration and invasion.	[7,38]

BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate; p53, tumor protein 53; LKB-1, liver kinase B1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; FOXO, forkhead box O; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; PKC, protein kinase C; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; HL-60, acute promyelocytic leukemia; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

J Cancer Prev 2024;29:58~68 https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.24.020