JCP

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Table 3.

Gastrointestinal symptom score changes before and after milk consumption

		A2 milk			A1/A2 milk			P-value^b

		Before	After	P-value^a	Before	After	P-value^a
Period 1	Bloating	1.41 ± 0.35	1.20 ± 0.22	>0.999	1.63 ± 0.25	1.31 ± 0.22	0.031	0.886
	Burping	1.76 ± 0.35	1.33 ± 0.28	0.484	1.60 ± 0.24	1.24 ± 0.14	0.699	0.959
	Postprandial distress	1.74 ± 0.41	1.26 ± 0.21	>0.999	2.02 ± 0.29	1.31 ± 0.28	0.250	0.776
	Abdominal pain	2.00 ± 0.71	1.00 ± 0.00	>0.999	1.00 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 0.00	>0.999	0.050
	Rumbling	2.19 ± 0.45	1.35 ± 0.37	0.750	1.69 ± 0.50	1.70 ± 0.21	0.906	0.351
	Borborygmus	1.50 ± 0.35	1.67 ± 0.27	0.500	1.00 ± 0.00	1.50 ± 0.35	>0.999	0.419
	Fecal urgency	2.50 ± 0.35	1.00 ± 0.00	0.813	1.00 ± 0.00	1.50 ± 0.31	0.375	<0.001
Period 2	Bloating	1.00 ± 0.16	1.50 ± 0.23	0.063	1.00 ± 0.00	1.17 ± 0.15	0.109	0.219
	Burping	1.00 ± 0.00	1.57 ± 0.19	0.055	1.33 ± 0.30	1.67 ± 0.30	0.789	0.468
	Postprandial distress	1.13 ± 0.17	1.36 ± 0.20	>0.999	1.09 ± 0.08	1.17 ± 0.15	0.063	0.516
	Abdominal pain	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Rumbling	1.00 ± 0.00	1.40 ± 0.22	0.125	1.00 ± 0.00	1.50 ± 0.25	0.375	0.763
	Borborygmus	1.00 ± 0.00	1.25 ± 0.22	0.500	1.00 ± 0.00	2.00 ± 0.00	0.750	0.007
	Fecal urgency	1.14 ± 0.17	1.29 ± 0.20	>0.999	1.37 ± 0.29	1.32 ± 0.20	0.656	0.538

Values are presented as least squares mean ± standard error. Period 1, the consumption period for the first intervention milk; Period 2, the consumption period for the second intervention milk. P-values were calculated using ^aWilcoxon signed rank test or ^bgeneralized estimating equation (gamma distribution).

J Cancer Prev 2024;29:45~53 https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.24.007