JCP

eISSN 2288-3657
pISSN 2288-3649

Table 1

List of some important medicinal plants having anti-carcinogenic properties

Name of the plant	Parts used	Major phytochemicals	Mechanism of action	References
Azadirachta indica	Seeds	Terpenoids, limonoids	Involves the modulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis processes in cervical cancer	[9]
	Flowers and leaves	Nimbolide, quercetin	Induce growth inhibitory activity in ovarian cancer cells, apoptosis	[10]
Moringa oleifera	Leaves	Quercetin, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and 4-hydroxy 3 methoxy cinnamic acid	Inhibits cancer cell growth	[11]
Withania somnifera	Roots	Alkaloids (withanolides, withaferin-A, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics	Apoptosis induction	[12]
Catharanthus roseus	Leaf	Alkaloids (vincristine, vindoline, vinblastine, catharantine)	They inhibit cell proliferation by changing the molecular dynamics which induce apoptosis	[13]
Cannabis sativa	Flower or inflorescence	Cannabinoids	Induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in tumor cells	[14]
Ziziphus mauritiana	Stem bark	Betulinic acid	Induced apoptosis	[15]
Centella asiatica	Leaves	Triterpenoids (asiatic acid, medacassic acid, asiaticoside)	Anti-proliferative effect inhibits metastatic behaviour of cancer cells	[16]
Curcuma longa	Rhizome	Curcumin	Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect	[17]
Costus speciosus	Leaves, rhizome	Diosgenin, saponin, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, lupeol, zurumbone, camphene	Up-regulation of cellular apoptotic molecules (p53, p27, p21, caspases, ROS generation reactive oxygen species), down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, JAK, STAT3)	[18]
Betula alba	Outer bark	Betulinic acid	Anti-proliferative effect in a tumor cell, decreases Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 gene expression and increases BAX gene expression, induces apoptotic cell death, decreases cancer cell motility	[19]
Hibiscus rosa sinensis	Flower	Taxol, cisplatin	Induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells	[6]
Murraya koenigii	Leaves	Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids (mahanine)	Induces growth arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines	[20]
Hedyotis diffusa	Entire plant	Iridoids, flavonoids, volatile oils, anthraquinones, phenolics, sterols, triterpenes, coumarins, alkaloids and cyclotides	Activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway regulates tumor invasion and migration, anti-angiogenesis, and affects tumor cell autophagy	[21]

J Cancer Prev 2023;28:77~92 https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2023.28.3.77

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