Journal of Cancer Prevention

eISSN 2288-3657
pISSN 2288-3649

Summated findings of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) in the prevention and treatment of cancer

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References Roselle component Route of administration Study type Treatment dose and duration Human equivalent dose Technique for preparation Study model Methods Statistical analysis Salient findings
1. [38] Flower extract Oral In vivo 175, 250, 500 mg/kg b.w.; 21 wk ~14.06 mg/kg b.w. Roselle juice is prepared from the dried calyces by boiling, filtered and dried Pre-pubertal Wister rats and induction of breast cancer by 7,12-dimethybenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) Haematological analysis, ELISA, histological analysis ANOVA, Dunnett’s post hoc test Hibiscus juice reduced tumor incidence, tumor burden and decreased tumor volume in experimental models significantly increasing antioxidant activity and thus having anti-breast tumour properties.
2. [39] Flower extract Cell culture medium In vitro 1.5, 3.05, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 µg/mL; 24 h NA Flowers are macerated in three different solvents- ethyl acetate, ethanol and n-hexane A549 lung cancer cell line-eight variety MTT assay, ELISA SD, linear equation The leaf extract showed anticancer activity which can be further developed as a source of natural anticancer from plants.
3. [6] Flower extract Cell culture medium In vitro 4 mg/mL; 48 h NA Flowers are ground into a fine powder, boiled, and filtered via gravity filtration followed by vacuum filtration. It was the freeze using a lyophilizer in ddH20 and obtaining a final stock which was then passed through a filter Breast cancer cell line MCF-7, breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and normal human skin fibroblast cell line Annexin V binding assay and propidium iodide staining, tail image-based cytometer, fluorescent images of cells ANOVA, Dunnett’s post hoc test and standardised software HS flower extract shows an ability to enhance apoptotic induction by chemotherapy treatments through an increase in ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane collapse on both triple-negative and ER-positive breast cancer cell lines.
4. [35] Calyces Cell culture medium In vivo 400 mg/kg b.w.; 15 d 32.52 mg/kg b.w. An infusion was prepared with dried calyces, filtered, evaporates and applied Adult male Wister rats HPLC, micronucleus test (MNT) Chi-square test The study shows that the plant has potential chemoprotective properties against DNA damage and fights against free radicals, and genotoxic substances thus preventing carcinogenesis.
5. [40] Flower Cell culture medium In vitro 250 µg/mL; 24 h NA Fresh flowers were extracted in 90% ethanol, concentrated in a vacuum, fractionated with ethyl acetate and the dried powder was dissolved in DMSO solvent HepG2 liver cancer cell lines MTT assay ANOVA, Student’s t-test The solid obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction has moderate anticancer activity. Further, an increase in the concentration of the extract can induce apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.
6. [41] Leaf extract Cell culture medium In vivo 50 mg/mL; 42 d ~15 mg/kg b.w. The dried leaves were macerated with hot water, evaporated, filtered and lyophilized Athymic nude mice, CaP cell line Folin-Ciocalteau method, spectrophotometer, HPLC, MTT assay, western blot, gelatin-zymogram protease assays, SDS PAGE, real-time qRT-PCR ANOVA, Dunnett’s test Inhibited the cell invasion of LNCaP cells via downregulation of PI3K/Akt signalling and by inactivation of NF-κβ. The leaf extract inhibited the growth of prostate tumor xenograft in athymic nude mice.
7. [42] Dried calyces Cell culture medium In vivo 5%, 10% (meal), 2.5%, 5% (juice); 38 wk NA Calyx juice was prepared with ethanolic extract 3-week-old male Fisher 344 rats. Induction of tumor development by azoxymethane followed by standard protocols Cellular and biochemical tests ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test Dietary administration of roselle as a meal and juice reduced the development of colon tumors in the Fisher 344 male rats.
8. [37] Calyces Cell culture medium In vitro 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mg/mL; 24, 48, 72 h NA Dried powder used for extraction by maceration method, filtered, evaporated and sterilized Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7, NCBI, C135) and normal human fetal foreskin fibroblast (HFFF, NCBI, C170) cell lines MTT assay, spectrophotometer, agarose gel electrophoresis ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test Plant extract significantly inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells. HS extract proved to be apoptogenic for MCF-7 breast carcinoma however the exact mechanism of aqueous extract on cancer is not known.
9. [43] Flower Cell culture medium In vitro 0.1%-10%; 72 h NA Roselle juice was prepared by adding distilled water to the crushed roselle flower in a ratio of 30:70. Three samples are taken of three different stored periods (one week, one month, one year) Estrogen-receptor positive and estrogen-receptor-negative human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), human cervical cancer (HeLa cells, human ovarian cancer [Caov-3]) MTT cell proliferation assay, ELISA, spectrophotometer, DPPH-free radical scavenging assay ANOVA, Duncan’s multiple-range test Roselle juice exhibited the strongest anti-proliferative potency towards MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in comparison to Caov-3, Hela and MDA-MB-231 cells. The storage period of the juice did not decrease the anti-proliferative effect on cell lines and the scavenging effect of juice samples was found to be concentration dependent.
10. [44] Leaf extract Cell culture medium In vitro 0.2 mg mL; 24 h NA Dried leaves powdered dissolved in methanol, chloroform, ethanol and ethyl-acetate, placed in a shaking incubator, filtered and evaporate the solvent Hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cell culture. MTT assay, spectrophotometer ANOVA Methanol was predicted to be the suitable solvent for the extraction of anticancer compounds from the leaves and it thus the potent anticancer activity against the Hep 3B cell lines.
11. [35] Dried flower Cell culture medium In vitro 0.1-10 mg/mL; 24 h NA The dried flower was macerated with hot water, evaporated, filtered and lyophilized to obtain the extract AGS cell line and Chang liver cell lines MTT assay, spectrophotometer, DAPI staining, electrophoresis, flow cytometric analysis, SDS-PAGE, immuno-blotting ANOVA with post hoc test Dried flower extracts of the plant appeared to have a stronger apoptotic effect with the phosphorylation of c-Jun via JNK/P38 signalling triggering apoptosis. It also induced the translocation of cyt-c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and caspase cascade activation.
12. [36] Dried flower Cell culture medium In vitro 0-4 mg/mL; 24 h ~19.96 mg/kg b.w. The dried flowers are mixed with methanol containing 1% HCl for 24 h subsequently filtered and reacted on an Amberlife Diaion HP-20 resin column, cleaned, eluted with methanol and then lyophilized HL-60 (human Caucasian promyelocytic leukaemia) cell line HPLC, MTT assay, flow-cytometric analysis, RT-PCR, immuno-blotting ANOVA, Duncan’s multiple-range test Flower extracts induce apoptosis via activating p38 MAPK and activating the p38-FasL and Bid pathway

b.w., body weight; NA, not applicable; HS, Hibiscus sabdariffa; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ER, estrogen receptor; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; DMSO, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide; qRT, quantitative reverse transcription; DPPH, 2,2 diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase.

J Cancer Prev 2023;28:77~92 https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2023.28.3.77
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