Fig. 4. Sangju honey induces apoptosis and inhibits MAPK signaling in oral cancer cells. (A) The expression of the apoptotic marker proteins in Ca9-22 cells after treated with 0.25% or 0.5% honey for 48 hours. (B) The expression of proteins involved in the MAPK signaling pathway in Ca9-22 after treated with 0.25% or 0.5% honey for 48 hours. The protein expression levels in oral cancer cells were quantified by the ImageQuant LAS 500 cells. (C, D) Relative protein expression levels in Ca9-22 and YD-10B cells were quantified by ImageJ. ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2; p-ERK, phospho-ERK; JNK, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase; p-JNK, phospho-JNK, p-p38, phospho-p38; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase.

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