JCP

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Table 1 Summary of primary clinical trials examining Vitamin D supplementation and the incidence of CRC

First author (year)	Study name	No. of subjects	Age (yr)	Intervention (Vitamin D)	Duration (yr)	Mean serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL) at final	Objectives	No. of cases	HR	95% CI
Trivedi (2003) [77]	N/A	2,686 (males: 2,037 females: 649)	≥ 65	100,000 IU/4 mo	5	29.7 vs. 21.4	CRC incidence, CRC mortality	28 vs. 27	1.02	0.60–1.74, 0.24–1.60
Trivedi (2003) [77]	N/A	2,686 (males: 2,037 females: 649)	≥ 65	100,000 IU/4 mo	5	29.7 vs. 21.4	CRC incidence, CRC mortality	7 vs. 11	0.62	0.60–1.74, 0.24–1.60
Wactawski-Wende (2006) [78]	WHI	36,282 (females only)	Post- menopausal	400 IU + 1,000 mg/d of Ca	7.0	N/A	CRC incidence	168 vs. 154	1.08	0.86–1.34
Baron (2015) [82]	N/A	2,259	45–75	1,000 IU/d	3 or 5	7.8 increasing in intervention group	CRA incidence	438 vs. 442	0.99	0.89–1.09
Lappe (2017) [81]	CAPS	2,303 (females only)	≥ 55	2,000 IU + 1,500 mg/d of Ca	4	42.5 vs. 30.9	All cancer mortality (CRC: 4 vs. 6)	45 vs. 64	0.70	0.48–1.02
Manson (2019) [80]	VITAL	25,871	≥ 50	2,000 IU/d	5.3	41.8 (40% increasing) vs. minimal change	CRC incidence	51 vs. 47	1.09	0.73–1.62

Ca, calcium; CRA, colorectal adenoma; CRC, colorectal cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; IU, international unit; WHI, Women’s Health Initiative; VITAL, VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL.

J Cancer Prev 2022;27:147~156 https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2022.27.3.147