Fig. 1. Comparison of age-associated variations in the fecal microbiomes in the male and female rats fed the control diet (CON) or high-fat diet (HFD). Fecal samples were collected and subjected to measurement of phylum composition (A), the Bacteroides to Firmicutes (B/F) ratio (B), Chao1 indicating the species richness (C), and Shannon indicating the diversity of species (D). Data are expressed as the median, Q1 (25%) and Q3 (75%). Whiskers show the minimum and maximum values. The statistical significance was determined by the Mann–Whitney test. CON, control diet; HFD, high-fat diet. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.

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