Fig. 4. Effect of bitter melon variants (BMJ and BME) on the viability of human umbilical vein epithelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or different concentrations of BMJ or BME (0.5% to 2% v/v) and processed as mentioned in the materials and methods. The trypan blue dye exclusion assay at 24 hours with (A) BMJ, (B) BME-P1, (C) BME-P2, and (D) BME-P3. Values are means ± SEM. BMJ, bitter melon juice; BME, bitter melon extract. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

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