Fig. 5. Effect of dioscin on cell cycle distribution and protein expression in breast cancer stem-like cells. (A, B) Representative DNA fluorescence histograms showing the distribution of specific cell populations in sub-G1, G0/G₁, S, and G₂/M phases in breast cancer stem-like cells treated with dioscin at 2.5, 5, and 10 µM for 24 hours and then subjected to flow cytometry analysis. The bar graphs show the percentage of breast cancer stem-like cells in sub-G1, G0/G₁, S, and G₂/M phases. The cells were stained using propidium iodide (PI) and subjected to flow cytometry analysis that collected 10,000 events. (C, D) Representative blots showing the expression levels of p53, p21, cdc2, cyclin B1, CDK4, cyclin D, CDK2, and cyclin E measured by Western blotting assays. MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7-derived breast cancer stem-like cells were treated with dioscin at 2.5, 5, and 10 µM for 24 hours. β-actin was used as an internal control. The data are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

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