Fig. 2. Induction of apoptosis by ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis roots (EESB) in U937 cells. Cells were plated onto 6-well plates at a density of 4.0 × 10⁵ cells/well and treated with variable concentrations of EESB for 24 hours. (A) Nuclei stained with 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole solution were photographed with a fluorescence microscope using a blue filter (×400). Arrows indicate apoptotic cells. (B, C) To quantify the degree of cell apoptosis, the cells were stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI), and the percentage of apoptotic cells (annexin V⁺ cells) was determined using flow cytometric analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD values obtained from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared with the untreated control group.

© J Cancer Prev