Fig. 2. Effect of curcumin on pathophysiologic conditions and histologic changes in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. (A) Disease activity index (DAI) as the sum of stool consistency and rectal bleeding was scored 0 to 3. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 5 per group). *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01 vs. the DSS-treated group. The distal colon was stained by H&E. (B) Microscopic analysis of H&E-stained tissue sections shows that oral administration of curcumin (0.25 mmol/kg) significantly ameliorated damage of colonic mucosa caused by DSS. (a) Control; (b) DSS alone; (c) DSS + curcumin (0.1 mmmol/kg); (d) DSS + curcumin (0.25 mmol/kg).

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