Fig. 1. In vitro DNA damage activity of doxorubicin (DOX). (A) One microliter of pBR322 (100 ng/μL) or (B) 1 μg of genomic DNA (bacterial and animal cells) in 2 μL of TAE buffer was exposed to DOX, ranging from 20 to 100 μM, which was followed by the addition of 25 μL of nuclease free water. Reaction mixtures were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The DNA sample was loaded on a 1% (w/v) agarose gel. DNA bands were visualized with a Bio-Rad Gel Doc^TM EZ imager. Each experiment was independently conducted three times.

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